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　　9月26日晚21:00（北京時間9月27日早9:00）美國大選進行兩黨候選人第一輪電視辯論，這也是民主黨總統候選人希拉里與共和黨總統候選人特朗普的首次正面對決。90分鐘的唇槍舌戰，兩人就美國方向（America's direction）、實現繁榮（achieving prosperity）、保障美國安全（securing America）三個主題進行了辯論。

　　電視辯論是美國大選中一道獨特的風景，是比較具有觀賞性的環節，恰巧56年前的同一天，前總統肯尼迪和尼克松舉行了首場電視辯論，并且借由電視辯論的影響，肯尼迪最后成功入主白宮。今年這場美國總統候選人首場電視辯論吸引了8400萬觀眾收看，打破上世紀80年代創下的8000萬觀眾的紀錄，足以看出此次大選的受關注程度非同一般。

　　在辯（互）論（掐）期間，特朗普打斷希拉里多達51次，而希拉里只打斷了特朗普17次，很多人認為，川普的這一舉動表現的不夠紳士。

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　　辯論期間，兩人都表達了很多觀點，各家媒體一邊看直播一邊開始查證兩人所述內容的真實性。英國廣播公司（BBC）在辯論結束后對二人的言論作出了fact check，川普和希拉里竟屢遭打臉。

　　打臉一

　　特朗普表示外界稱其支持入侵伊拉克的說法是“錯誤的”。事實是特朗普的確支持對伊戰爭。

　　Claim: Donald Trump repeated his insistence that he was against the 2003 invasion of Iraq, claiming Clinton's assertions to the contrary were "mainstream media nonsense put out by her".

　　現場表述：特朗普反復強調說他是反對2003年入侵伊拉克的，并聲稱克林頓方面說他支持伊拉克戰爭的觀點是“她向主流媒體散布出去的胡言亂語”。

　　Reality Check verdict: Trump did not publicly speak out against the war before it started. On September, 11 2002, radio host Howard Stern asked Trump if he supported a potential invasion of Iraq. He replied: "Yeah, I guess so". During the debate, he tried to explain that away by saying the comment had been made "lightly". He said he had been arguing in private, to Fox News's Sean Hannity, that war would destabilize the Middle East, but we have no evidence to support that so far. He did start to express doubts after the invasion.

　　事實查證：伊拉克戰爭開始之前，特朗普并未公開表示反對。2002年9月11日，電臺主持人Howard Stern問特朗普是否支持未來入侵伊拉克，他回答說：“是的，我想應該支持吧。”在辯論中，特朗普試圖為此開脫，稱當時是“隨口一說”。他對?？怂剐侣劦腟ean Hannity表示曾經私下為此爭論過，稱戰爭會使中東失去穩定局面，但目前為止我們找不到證據支持這一論述。不過，在戰爭開始以后，他的確開始表達質疑了。

　　打臉二

　　特朗普表示其在1975年以一筆小額貸款啟動了公司，而希拉里表示特朗普從其父親那里獲得了1400萬美元。希拉里說得對，特朗普所得的資金比他承認的要多。

　　Claim: Clinton attacked Trump over his boasts about his business acumen. "You know, Donald was very fortunate in his life and that's all to his benefit," Clinton said. "He started his business with $14m, borrowed from his father."

　　現場表述：克林頓現場對特朗普吹噓自己敏銳的商業頭腦進行攻擊?？肆诸D說：“你們知道，特朗普這一生很幸運，他的優勢也就這些了。他用來創業的1400萬美元是從他父親那里借來的。”

　　Reality Check verdict: Trump says he received a $1m loan from his real estate mogul father. He also got loan guarantees and money from his future inheritance and inherited a share of his father's property holdings.

　　事實查證：特朗普說他從地產大亨父親那里獲得了100萬美元的貸款，另外還從父親那里得到了貸款擔保，從未來要繼承的遺產中預支的資金，還繼承了父親在地產項目中的一部分股份。

　　打臉三

　　希拉里稱經濟擴張將創造出1000萬個新的工作崗位，然而事實未必如此。

　　Claim: Clinton said: "People have looked at both of our plans, have concluded that mine would create 10 million jobs and yours would lose us 3.5 million jobs."

　　現場表述：“人們在看過我倆的計劃后，得出的結論是，我的計劃可以創造出1000萬個工作崗位，而你的計劃會讓我們失去350萬份工作。”

　　Reality Check verdict: Clinton has made this claim before. It is based on an optimistic reading of a report by Moody's Analytics, which says that most of the 10 million new jobs would be created anyway by an expanding economy. If all of Clinton's economic policies became law - which the report says is unlikely - they would account for 3.2 million of the 10 million jobs. The same company analysed Trump's plans and suggested they would tip the US into recession and lead to 3.5 million job losses - something strongly disputed by the Trump campaign.

　　事實查證：希拉里以前就放出過同樣的言論。這是基于對穆迪分析機構一份報告的樂觀解讀，該報告稱經濟擴張將創造出1000萬個新的工作崗位。如果希拉里所有的經濟政策都成為法律——該報告表示這是不可能的——那么1000萬個工作崗位中將有320萬個是受益于希拉里的經濟政策。該機構同樣分析了特朗普的計劃，并指出他的計劃會讓美國陷入經濟衰退，并導致美國失去350萬個工作機會，而這個結論受到了特朗普競選團隊的強烈質疑。

　　But the two reports cover different time frames. The author Mark Zandi told CNN Money a more accurate comparison to the 10 million jobs created under Clinton would be 400,000 jobs lost under Trump, not 3.4 million.

　　不過兩份報告是在不同時間段的研究結果。報告作者馬克?贊迪告訴CNN財經說，更準確的數據是，希拉里執政下若能創造出1000萬份工作，那么特朗普執政下失去的工作機會將不是340萬個，而是40萬個。

　　打臉四

　　特朗普稱希拉里整個成年時期都在同伊斯蘭國作斗爭。實際上希拉里和伊斯蘭國作斗爭的時間只占其成年生活的1/5左右。

　　Claim: Trump has frequently tried to blame the rise of Islamic State militants on Secretary of State Hillary Clinton. This is his latest attempt.

　　現場表述：特朗普多次試圖將伊斯蘭國武裝分子的崛起歸咎于美國國務卿希拉里。這次辯論特朗普又一次拿此事攻擊希拉里。

　　Reality Check verdict: Possibly the strangest claim of the night. Clinton is 68 years old. The so-called Islamic State did not appear on the scene until 2009, although its roots stretch back to the Sunni terror group al-Qaeda in Iraq (AQI), which started in 2004.

　　事實查證：這也許是本場辯論中最莫名其妙的言論。希拉里已經68歲。所謂的伊斯蘭國一直到2009年才出現，不過它發源于伊拉克的遜尼派恐怖組織——基地組織，該組織于2004年建立。

　　打臉五

　　特朗普否認把氣候變化稱為中國人發明的騙局，事實并非如此。

　　Claim: Clinton accused Trump of calling climate change a hoax invented by the Chinese. He insisted "I did not say that".

　　現場表述：希拉里指責特朗普把氣候變化稱為中國人發明的騙局。特朗普堅稱“我沒說過這話”。

　　Reality Check verdict: This claim relates to a 2012 tweet which Trump later said was a joke. He said: "The concept of global warming was created by and for the Chinese in order to make US manufacturing non-competitive."

　　事實查證：希拉里指的是2012年特朗普發的一條推文，后來，特朗普表示這是個笑話。他在推文中說：全球變暖的概念是中國人為了中國人編造出來的，目的是讓美國的制造業失去競爭力。

　　打臉六

　　希拉里表示，在刑事司法制度中，種族決定了人們會被如何對待，言論很難證實。

　　Claim: Clinton said race determines how people are treated in the criminal justice system.

　　現場表述：希拉里表示，在刑事司法制度中，種族決定了人們會被如何對待。

　　Reality Check verdict: This is a tough one to prove as there are no figures on the percentage of crimes that result in arrest. What we do know is that black people are locked up five times more frequently than white people. African-American people make up about 13% of the United States population. White people make up 64%. But black people make up 40% of the prison population, and white people 39%. It does not mean that black people, who tend to live more in urban, heavily policed areas, are five times as likely to commit crime however.

　　事實查證：這很難證實，因為沒有導致逮捕嫌犯的犯罪比例的相關數據。但我們知道，黑人被拘押的幾率是白人的五倍。非裔美國人占美國人口的大約13%，白人占64%。但監獄罪犯中有40%是黑人，白人有39%。但這并不能表明，更多地居住在警方管控更嚴格的城市中的黑人犯罪率就是白人的五倍。

　　Clinton also claimed that African American men are more likely to be killed by guns than other demographics, something that is largely born out by the statistics.

　　希拉里還表示，非裔美國男性比其他族群更容易被槍殺，這在很大程度上已被數據證實。

　　打臉七

　　特朗普說紐約的謀殺案數量在升高。事實并非如此。

　　Claim: Murders in New York city are up.

　　現場表述：紐約市謀殺率上升。

　　Reality Check verdict: As so often with crime statistics it depends how you slice it. The murder rate in New York city is close to record lows but did increase slightly between 2014 and 2015, according to FBI figures. But the very latest figures from the New York Police Department show murder rates are down 4% on 2015.

　　事實查證：犯罪數據要看你怎么看待了。美國聯邦調查局數據顯示，紐約市謀殺率接近史上最低，但在2014至2015年間確實有輕微上升。但紐約警察局的最新數據顯示，2015年該市謀殺率下降了4%。

　　Murder rates across the US as a whole went up 10.8% in 2015, the biggest single-year percentage jump since 1971, with a big spike in a handful of cities including Chicago, Washington DC and Baltimore.

　　2015年，美國全國的謀殺率上升了10.8%，是自1971年以來上升最快的一年。芝加哥、華盛頓和巴爾的摩等數個城市謀殺率飆升。

　　Trump also claimed that "stop and frisk" tactics "worked very well in New York" and brought crime rates down. This is hotly disputed by researchers and commentators. Violent crime rates have continued to decline in New York, as part of a long term trend, even though the number of "stop and frisk" searches has gone down dramatically in recent years. Research by Jeffrey Fagan of Columbia University found indiscriminate searches had little effect on crime, although his research also found crime was reduced when police stopped and frisked civilians after observing someone acting violently, selling drugs or "casing a joint".

　　特朗普還表示，“攔截搜身”的策略“在紐約非常有效”，使犯罪率下降。而這遭到研究人員和評論人士的熱議。盡管近年來“攔截搜身”檢查次數迅速下降，但紐約市的暴力犯罪率持續走低，成為一種長期趨勢。哥倫比亞大學杰弗里-費根的研究顯示，不加選擇的檢查對降低犯罪率基本無效，但他的研究還顯示，當警察注意到有人有暴力行為、出售毒品、或者想要偷竊時對民眾進行盤查，可以減少犯罪。

　　打臉八

　　特朗普聲稱自己在過去五年中共捐出1.02億美元用于慈善，但《華盛頓郵報》的調查顯示，2008年后特朗普名下企業并未捐出一分錢。

　　Claim: Trump says he can't release his tax returns because he is in the middle of a tax audit. He also says publishing them would not reveal much.

　　現場表述：特朗普稱自己無法公布納稅申報單，因為他正在接受稅務審計。他還表示即便公布了也沒有什么料。

　　Clinton suggests he will never publish them as they might reveal he is not as rich as he says he is, does not pay Federal tax and does not give as much to charity as claimed.

　　希拉里則表示特朗普永遠不會公布納稅申報單，因為從申報單上人們可以看出他并沒有自己說的那么有錢，也沒有繳納足額的聯邦稅費，募捐給慈善的錢也沒自己聲稱的那樣多。

　　Reality Check verdict: Being audited by the Internal Revenue Service does not prohibit the release of tax returns. They would reveal Trump's annual income, how much he pays in tax and how much he gives to charity. Trump claims he has given $102m to charity in the past five years, but a Washington Post investigation could not find any cash donated by Trump's businesses after 2008. Trump's actual wealth has been assessed by Forbes at $4.5bn, compared with the $10bn he claims.

　　事實查證：接受國稅局審計并不妨礙公布納稅申報單。從申報單上人們可以看出特朗普的年收入、繳納的稅金、以及捐獻給慈善事業的金額。特朗普聲稱自己在過去五年中共捐出1.02億美元用于慈善，但《華盛頓郵報》的調查顯示，2008年后特朗普名下企業并未捐出一分錢。福布斯估計特朗普的真實身價為45億美元，而他自己聲稱有100億美元資產。

　　Interestingly, Trump has never provided evidence that he is actually under audit by the tax authorities. According to Associated Press, a letter released by his tax lawyers never used the word, merely describing his tax returns as under continuous review.

　　有趣的是，特朗普從未提供證據證明他真的在接受稅務審計。據美聯社報道，特朗普的稅務律師發布的公開信中從未提到這個詞，僅表明他的納稅申報正接受連續審查。