雅思寫作中詞匯評分標準lexical resource
官方給出的7分評分標準:
*uses a sufficient range of vocabulary to allow some flexibility and precision
*uses less common lexical items with some awareness of style and collocation
*may produce occasional errors in word choice, spelling and /or word formation
官方給出的6分評分標準:
*uses an adequate range of vocabulary for the task
*attempts to use less common vocabulary but with some inaccuracy
*makes some errors in spelling and /or word formation, but they do not impede communication
同六分詞匯標準相比,7 分多了兩個要求: flexibility (靈活性) and precision (準確性)。靈活性暗示我們在作文中要設置同意替換詞[1]。比如, 第一段寫了developing countries, 第二段就可以用these nations, 第三段可以用poor regions
準確性 指在該題目下貼切的,核心的詞匯[2]。比如政府話題寫出welffare 福利一詞,環保話題寫出environmental-friendly 一詞。
7分和6分同時要求:要有less common lexical items, 不普通的,含義較深刻的詞匯。比如undermine ( v. 逐漸破壞)代替damage; 用dilemma 代替problem。用的好不好,地道不地道,是否注意到了style(文體) 和 collocation (搭配)決定了是6還是7.
所以在寫作中,詞匯在準確使用的基礎上,我們一定要注意設置同意替換詞。在練習時我們就要不斷積累同意替換詞,在經常使用的單詞上多想想,還可以替換什么樣的詞和表達方式。
雅思寫作中語法評分標準grammar range and accuracy
7分評分標準:使用多種多樣的復合句
*use a variety of complex structures
*produces frequent error-free sentences
*has good control of grammar and punctuation but may make a few errors.
(那么什么算是a variety of 呢?3種以上才稱得上 a variety of,所以寫作中要寫出4種以上不同的從句。 劍橋書后的考官范文,平均每篇12 句話,2句話是簡單句,2句話是并列句,其余8句都是各種從句)
6分評分標準:簡單句和復合句的混合使用
*uses a mix of simple and complex sentence forms
*makes some errors in grammar and punctuation but they rarely reduce communication
英文句式:簡單句,并列句, 限制性定語從句=分詞做定語,非限制性定語從句,名詞性從句(主語從句,賓語從句,表語從句,同位語從句), 狀語從句=分詞做狀語,強調句,倒裝句,插入語結構, 雙重否定表肯定結構
在寫作中,我們要熟練,正確,恰當的應用多種句式與結構。 當然除了句式我們還有時態,準確恰當運用各種時態在簡單句和復合句中。
我們從一些例句中,學習一下語法句式可以如何轉換。
With the rapid development of economy, the environment[3]has been deteriorated[4]. (主+謂的簡單句)
= As the economy develops rapidly, the environment has been deteriorated. (as引導的時間狀語從句)
Experts [5]suggestthe governmentto take down the old buildingsin the urban center in order to improve the city image. (主 +謂+ 賓+賓補的簡單句)
= Experts suggest that the government should tear down urban old buildings in order to enhance the image of this city. (that引導的賓語從句)
The money which was spent on wild animals protection [6]should have been used to improve human lives . (定語從句)
=The money spent on wild animal protectionshould have been used to improve humanlives. (過去分詞做定語)
Spring came on, and the trees turned green. (并列句)
= when spring came on, the trees turned green.( 時間狀語從句)
=Spring coming on, the trees turned green. (獨立主格結構)
Topics of punishment of criminals always arouse people’s attention. (簡單句)
=Topics of the punishment of criminals never fail to arouse people’s attention.
(雙重否表肯定)
= Never do topics of the punishment of criminals fail to arouse people’s attention. (倒裝句)
